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Publicaciones de los últimos 15 días/Last 15 days publications (excluidas pubs. CN y JP /CN and JP pubs. excluded)
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CONVEYING APPARATUS AND BATTERY PRODUCTION LINE

Publication No.:  US20260264999A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED
US_20260264999_A1

Absstract of: US20260264999A1

The conveying apparatus includes a conveying mechanism, a blocking mechanism, and a damping mechanism. The conveying mechanism has a conveying zone, and the conveying mechanism is configured to convey material in the conveying zone along a transmission direction. The blocking mechanism is configured to extend into the conveying zone to block movement of the material along the transmission direction. The damping mechanism is at least partially located in the conveying zone. In the transmission direction, a damping mechanism is arranged at a distance from the blocking mechanism. The damping mechanism is capable of moving relative to the conveying mechanism under the drive of the material. The conveying apparatus provided by the present application is used for conveying carrier cups, and the damping mechanism is configured to provide resistance to the carrier cups to reduce the impact force of the carrier cups on the blocking mechanism.

ELECTRODE ASSEMBLY AND ADHESIVE TAPE APPLICATION METHOD THEREFOR, BATTERY CELL, BATTERY, AND ELECTRIC DEVICE

Publication No.:  US20260269342A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED
US_20260269342_A1

Absstract of: US20260269342A1

An electrode assembly includes: a first covering member disposed on a surface of the electrode assembly, where an information pattern is provided on the first covering member; and a second covering member disposed on the surface of the electrode assembly, where the information pattern is exposed outside the second covering member. The present application ranges the second covering member cover the surface of the electrode assembly to protect the electrode assembly through the second covering member and reduce the influence of the external environment on the electrode assembly. When the second covering member covers the electrode assembly, the information pattern is enabled to be exposed outside the second covering member.

ANODE ASSEMBLY FOR A BATTERY CELL

Publication No.:  US20260269222A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
ION STORAGE SYSTEMS INC [US]
ION STORAGE SYSTEMS, INC.
US_20260269222_A1

Absstract of: US20260269222A1

The present disclosure provides an anode assembly for a battery cell. The anode assembly comprises a separator layer, an anode layer, a deposited layer, and an anode current collector. The anode layer is at least partially disposed on the separator layer and has a first surface facing the separator layer and a second surface facing away from the separator layer. The anode layer comprises a solid-state electrolyte (SSE) having pores. The deposited layer is at least partially disposed on the second surface of the anode layer. The deposited layer comprises at least one of a conductive material and a nucleation material. The anode current collector is coupled to the deposited layer. The present disclosure also provides methods of forming an anode assembly for a battery cell.

SECONDARY BATTERY ELECTROLYTE SOLUTION, SECONDARY BATTERY, BATTERY MODULE, BATTERY PACK, AND ELECTRICAL DEVICE

Publication No.:  US20260269315A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH HONG KONG LIMITED [CN]
Contemporary Amperex Technology (Hong Kong) Limited
US_20260269315_A1

Absstract of: US20260269315A1

0000 An electrolyte solution includes an electrolyte salt, a solvent, and an additive. The solvent includes a cyclic ether compound. The additive includes a Lewis acid or a Lewis acid precursor. A method for preparing a secondary battery electrolyte solution includes adding an additive into a composition containing an electrolyte salt and a solvent, and performing in-situ polymerization for at least 24 hours to obtain the secondary battery electrolyte solution. The solvent includes a cyclic ether compound. The additive includes a Lewis acid or a Lewis acid precursor.

BATTERY SYSTEM AND PACK CONNECTION METHOD USING THE SAME

Publication No.:  US20260269335A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG ENERGY SOLUTION, LTD.
US_20260269335_A1

Absstract of: US20260269335A1

Disclosed are a battery system and a pack connection method using the same, and the battery system includes: a battery device including a plurality of battery packs connected in parallel; for each of the plurality of battery packs, a plurality of switches connected in series to one of both ends of each battery pack; and a Battery Management System (BMS) for dividing the plurality of battery packs into a plurality of pack groups, determining at least one battery pack belonging to each of the plurality of pack groups, determining one pack group of the plurality of pack groups to be discharged, and transmitting a switch control signal for turning on at least one switch connected with the one pack group among the plurality of switches, and turning off the remaining switches among the plurality of switches except for the at least one switch, in which each of the plurality of battery packs includes a plurality of battery cells including metal phase lithium in each negative electrode material.

Battery Module and Battery Pack Including the Same

Publication No.:  US20260269355A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
PARK JINSOO
Park Jinsoo
US_20260269355_A1

Absstract of: US20260269355A1

A battery module according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a battery cell stack in which a plurality of battery cells is stacked, a module case configured to accommodate the battery cell stack, a film heater provided between the module case and an outermost peripheral battery cell of the battery cell stack, and a dummy battery cell disposed between the film heater and the outermost peripheral battery cell.

BATTERY CELL IN PARTICULAR FOR AN ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE FOR AN ELECTRICALLY DRIVABLE MOTOR VEHICLE, ENERGY STORAGE DEVICE, MOTOR VEHICLE AND METHOD

Publication No.:  WO2026185047A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG [DE]
BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT
WO_2026185047_A1

Absstract of: WO2026185047A1

The invention relates to a battery cell, in particular for an energy storage device for an electrically drivable motor vehicle; wherein the battery cell has a cylindrical battery housing which defines an axial direction and a radial direction perpendicular to the axial direction; the battery cell has a cell winding which is arranged radially within the battery housing and has multiple layers; the battery cell has an unwinding insert; the unwinding insert is arranged radially within the cell winding; the unwinding insert is designed to be moved along the axial direction in the event of a pressure difference between a cell internal pressure and an ambient pressure; and the unwinding insert is designed to move at least one radially inner layer of the layers along the axial direction when the unwinding insert is moved along the axial direction.

METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL FOR LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY, ELECTRODE FOR LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY, AND LITHIUM ION SECONDARY BATTERY

Publication No.:  WO2026186428A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
MAT SCIENCE LABORATORY CO LTD [JP]
\u682A\u5F0F\u4F1A\u793E\u7269\u8CEA\u79D1\u5B66\u7814\u7A76\u6240
WO_2026186428_A1

Absstract of: WO2026186428A1

The purpose of the present invention is to develop a simple manufacturing process by overcoming a complicated manufacturing process of a positive electrode active material LiVOPO4 for a lithium ion secondary battery. According to the present invention, a positive electrode active material which exhibits excellent two-electron reaction charge/discharge characteristics as a lithium ion secondary battery, an orthorhombic β-LiVOPO4, and a triclinic α-LiVOPO4 that is a polymorph of the same can be provided by an inexpensive and simplified manufacturing process which is characterized by including one starting material mixing process at room temperature and one heat treatment process without requiring a plurality of synthesis processes or addition of a reducing agent.

SILICON ALLOY-BASED NEGATIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, NEGATIVE ELECTRODE, AND LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING SAME

Publication No.:  WO2026187093A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
ILJIN ELECTRIC CO LTD [KR]
\uC77C\uC9C4\uC804\uAE30 \uC8FC\uC2DD\uD68C\uC0AC
WO_2026187093_A1

Absstract of: WO2026187093A1

One embodiment of the present invention provides a silicon-based negative electrode active material which is a ternary silicon alloy consisting of a Si element, an Al element, and an Fe element, wherein all of the elements do not form a crystalline phase.

BATTERY MODULE AND VEHICLE

Publication No.:  WO2026184212A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
ZHEJIANG ZEEKR INTELLIGENT TECH CO LTD [CN]
VIRIDI E MOBILITY TECH NINGBO CO LTD [CN]
ZHEJIANG GEELY HOLDING GROUP CO LTD [CN]
\u6D59\u6C5F\u6781\u6C2A\u667A\u80FD\u79D1\u6280\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
\u5A01\u777F\u7535\u52A8\u6C7D\u8F66\u6280\u672F\uFF08\u5B81\u6CE2\uFF09\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
\u6D59\u6C5F\u5409\u5229\u63A7\u80A1\u96C6\u56E2\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
WO_2026184212_A1

Absstract of: WO2026184212A1

Disclosed are a battery module and a vehicle. The battery module comprises a battery and a protective assembly. An explosion-proof valve is provided at one end of the battery; the protective assembly comprises a first protective plate and a second protective plate, wherein the first protective plate is connected to the battery and is formed with a pressure relief hole corresponding to the explosion-proof valve, and the second protective plate is connected to the side of the first protective plate facing away from the battery and is formed with a clearance hole corresponding to the pressure relief hole; and the protective assembly further comprises a third protective plate, wherein the third protective plate is connected to the side of the second protective plate facing away from the battery and covers the pressure relief hole, and the connection strength between the first protective plate and the second protective plate is greater than that between the second protective plate and the third protective plate.

LITHIUM-ION BATTERY AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING LITHIUM-ION BATTERY

Publication No.:  WO2026184637A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
EVE ENERGY CO LTD [CN]
\u60E0\u5DDE\u4EBF\u7EAC\u9502\u80FD\u80A1\u4EFD\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
WO_2026184637_A1

Absstract of: WO2026184637A1

A lithium-ion battery and a method for manufacturing the lithium-ion battery. The lithium-ion battery comprises: a tubular housing (10) comprising a first flat plate (11), a first arcuate plate (12), a second flat plate (13), and a second arcuate plate (14) connected end to end to enclose an accommodating cavity (101), the first arcuate plate (12) and/or the second arcuate plate (14) protruding toward the side facing away from the accommodating cavity (101); a top cover (20) disposed at a first open end (102) of the tubular housing (10); a bottom cover (30) disposed at a second open end (103) of the tubular housing (10); and a cell assembly (40) disposed in the accommodating cavity (101). The first flat plate (11) and the second flat plate (13) are arranged in parallel, a distance H1 is defined between the first flat plate (11) and the second flat plate (13), and a maximum distance D1 between the first arcuate plate (12) and the second arcuate plate (14) satisfies: H1≥2.0 mm; and/or D1>2.0 mm; and/or D1>H1.

MARINE THERMAL RUNAWAY BATTERY TEST PACK

Publication No.:  WO2026184010A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
WUHAN WEIMAI NEW ENERGY POWER CO LTD [CN]
\u6B66\u6C49\u5A01\u8FC8\u65B0\u80FD\u6E90\u52A8\u529B\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
WO_2026184010_A1

Absstract of: WO2026184010A1

A marine thermal runaway battery test pack, comprising a box body (1), a battery module, and a cover plate assembly (6), wherein sealing is achieved by means of a nitrile sealing ring (5) that is embedded in a sealing groove; the box body (1) is provided with a power aviation connector (2); a safety protection liquid where the battery module is immersed is further provided in the box body (1); the battery module consists of a plurality of simulated battery cells (46) and real battery cells (45) which are connected in series in module end plates (41) and module side plates (42); an aluminum-extruded harmonica-shaped tube (43) is inserted between every two adjacent battery cells; each battery cell is sequentially connected to a copper busbar (3) and an overcharge power wire (11) by means of a connection aluminum busbar (44), is connected to the power aviation connector (2) and is then connected to a charging and discharging unit; the box body (1) is provided with a water intake and output valve (8); the cover plate assembly (6) comprises a thickened transparent acrylic cover plate; and an aerosol fire protection device (9) or/and a perfluorohexanone capsule sheet (10) is/are provided in a cover plate. The battery test pack can realize a thermal runaway test without a fire protection measure, a water-suppressed overcharge thermal runaway test, and a silicone oil-suppressed overcharge thermal runaway test by means of opening and closing the water intake and output valve (8), and

ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS, ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM, AND CHARGING NETWORK

Publication No.:  US20260269406A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED
US_20260269406_A1

Absstract of: US20260269406A1

An energy storage apparatus comprises a control module, a plurality of bins and a plurality of energy units. The plurality of bins are arranged in a first direction of the bins, the plurality of energy units are accommodated in at least one bin, and the control module is used for performing electrical control on the plurality of energy units, wherein the size of at least one of the plurality of bins in the first direction is less than the size of a standard container in the first direction, the sum of the sizes of the plurality of bins in the first direction is less than the sum of the sizes of one or more standard containers in the first direction, and the first direction is a length direction or a width direction or a height direction of the bins.

Battery Pack

Publication No.:  US20260269344A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
VEHICLE ENERGY JAPAN INC [JP]
Vehicle Energy Japan Inc.
US_20260269344_A1

Absstract of: US20260269344A1

There is achieved a configuration that quickly measures a temperature of each unit cell in a battery pack in which a plurality of unit cells are aligned. In a battery pack in which a plurality of unit cells each containing a power generation element in a container and sealed with a lid 501 made of a metal are aligned, a heat transfer member 20 is bonded to the lid 501, an insulation layer 21 including a first wiring is bonded onto the heat transfer member 20, and a temperature detection sensor (thermistor) 30 is connected to the first wiring.

SYSTEM FOR RESOURCE RECOVERY AND ZERO LIQUID DISCHARGE TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER GENERATED DURING A PRECURSOR MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR A CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL OF SECONDARY BATTERY

Publication No.:  US20260265105A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
BKT CO LTD [KR]
BKT CO., LTD.
US_20260265105_A1

Absstract of: US20260265105A1

Disclosed is a system for treating wastewater containing heavy metals and high-concentration ammonia generated during a manufacturing process for a cathode active material precursor of a secondary battery. According to one aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a system for zero liquid discharge (ZLD) treatment of wastewater generated during a manufacturing process for a cathode active material precursor of a secondary battery, the system including: an ammonia stripping unit configured to remove an ammonia component from wastewater generated during the precursor manufacturing process; an ion exchange (IX) unit configured to remove metal ions; a chemical recovery unit configured to recover an acid solution and an alkaline solution; and a water reclamation unit configured to produce, from the wastewater from which the acid solution and the alkaline solution have been recovered, reclaimed water for use in the system.

BATTERY ANALYSIS SYSTEM, BATTERY ANALYSIS METHOD, BATTERY ANALYSIS PROGRAM, AND STORAGE MEDIUM HAVING BATTERY ANALYSIS PROGRAM RECORDED THEREON

Publication No.:  US20260266919A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MAN CO LTD [JP]
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.
US_20260266919_A1

Absstract of: US20260266919A1

A data acquisition unit acquires use history data of a secondary battery and battery information for identifying a type of the secondary battery. A deterioration characteristic search unit searches a deterioration characteristic database based on the battery information to identify deterioration characteristic information including a storage deterioration characteristic, a charge deterioration characteristic, and a discharge deterioration characteristic of the secondary battery. An internal deterioration state analysis unit estimates a storage deterioration amount, a charge deterioration amount, and a discharge deterioration amount of the secondary battery based on the deterioration characteristic information identified by the deterioration characteristic search unit and the use history data acquired by the data acquisition unit. A reuse determination unit determines a secondary use destination after an end of primary use of the secondary battery based on a breakdown of the storage deterioration amount, the charge deterioration amount, and the discharge deterioration amount of the second battery.

ALKALINE STORAGE BATTERY

Publication No.:  US20260269269A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MAN CO LTD [JP]
Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd.
US_20260269269_A1

Absstract of: US20260269269A1

The disclosed alkaline storage battery includes a positive electrode including a positive electrode mixture layer containing, as a positive electrode active material, a nickel compound having a surface at least partially coated with a cobalt compound, and a negative electrode including a negative electrode mixture layer containing a hydrogen storage alloy. The positive electrode mixture layer includes two surface layers and an inner layer sandwiched between the two surface layers. Each of the two surface layers and the inner layer contains a positive electrode active material. The thickness Ts of each of the two surface layers is 20 μm or more. The ratio Ts/Tp of the thickness Ts to the thickness Tp of the positive electrode mixture layer is in the range of 0.03 to 0.20. Each of the two surface layers contains a titanium compound and a magnesium compound. The inner layer contains a compound of at least one element X selected from the group consisting of Ti, Yb, Y, Nb, and W. The two surface layers and the inner layer contain the above elements in a predetermined range.

BATTERY CASE

Publication No.:  US20260264498A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
JFE STEEL CORP [JP]
JFE Steel Corporation
US_20260264498_A1

Absstract of: US20260264498A1

A battery case includes an inner cross member extending in the vehicle width direction extend over a pair of side wall portions in a main body. The inner cross member includes a top plate section, a pair of vertical wall portions, and a pair of flange sections, the pair of vertical wall portions includes a front side vertical wall portion and a rear side vertical wall portion facing each other in the vehicle front-rear direction, and a ridgeline portion extending in the vehicle width direction is formed in at least one of the front vertical wall and the rear vertical wall.

SECONDARY BATTERY AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND ELECTRIC DEVICE

Publication No.:  US20260269272A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED
US_20260269272_A1

Absstract of: US20260269272A1

A secondary battery and a preparation method therefor, and an electric device. The secondary battery includes a copper foil, the copper foil includes copper grains with different particle sizes, and the copper grains include copper grains with a particle size of less than or equal to 0.5 μm and copper grains with a particle size of greater than 0.5 μm, where a number proportion of the copper grains with the particle size of less than or equal to 0.5 μm in a total number of the copper grains is 70% to 95%, and a number proportion of the copper grains with the particle size of greater than 0.5 μm in the total number of the copper grains is 5% to 30%.

COPOLYMER PARTICLES, BINDER COMPOSITION COMPRISING SAME, SLURRY, ELECTRODE, AND SECONDARY BATTERY COMPRISING ELECTRODE

Publication No.:  WO2026187191A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
HANSOL CHEMICAL CO LTD [KR]
\uC8FC\uC2DD\uD68C\uC0AC \uD55C\uC194\uCF00\uBBF8\uCE7C
WO_2026187191_A1

Absstract of: WO2026187191A1

The present invention relates to copolymer particles, a binder composition comprising the copolymer particles, a slurry, an electrode, and a secondary battery comprising the electrode, the copolymer particles comprising: a core portion; and a shell portion surrounding the core portion, wherein, on the basis of 100 wt% of a total weight of the core portion and the shell portion, the content of the core portion is 65 wt% or more and 97 wt% or less, and the content of the shell portion is 3 wt% or more and 35 wt% or less.

Device for Testing Dryness of Electrode, and Method for Testing Dryness of Electrode

Publication No.:  US20260266716A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG Energy Solution, Ltd.
US_20260266716_A1

Absstract of: US20260266716A1

A device for testing the dryness of an electrode may include an electrode substrate in which an electrode slurry is applied onto a collector, a standard sample, a light emitting unit that includes a light source and a bifurcated optical fiber connected to the light source. The light emitting unit may selectively irradiate light to any one of the electrode substrate or the standard sample through a first optical fiber of the bifurcated optical fiber. The device may also include a light receiving unit with a spectrometer that may selectively receive light reflected from any one of the electrode substrate or the standard sample. The light receiving unit may and analyze the reflected light. The device may also include a control unit that may correct at least one of the light source or the spectrometer based on the analyzed reflected light of the spectrometer.

DRYING APPARATUS AND ELECTRODE SHEET MANUFACTURING SYSTEM

Publication No.:  US20260266544A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED
US_20260266544_A1

Absstract of: US20260266544A1

A drying apparatus and a manufacturing system for an electrode plate are described. The drying apparatus includes a housing and a drying device. The housing is provided with a drying chamber that is provided with a strip inlet and a strip outlet. The drying device includes a first drying module, a second drying module, and a conveying mechanism. The first drying module and the second drying module are configured to dry a material strip, and the conveying mechanism is configured to convey the material strip, such that the material strip sequentially passes through the first drying module, the second drying module, and the strip outlet from the strip inlet. The drying device is provided with a first drying module and a second drying module, and the drying temperature of the first drying module is higher than the drying temperature of the second drying module.

CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SAME

Publication No.:  US20260265078A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
INDUSTRY UNIV COOPERATION FOUNDATION HANYANG UNIV ERICA CAMPUS [KR]
INDUSTRY-UNIVERSITY COOPERATION FOUNDATION HANYANG UNIVERSITY ERICA CAMPUS
US_20260265078_A1

Absstract of: US20260265078A1

A method for manufacturing a cathode active material includes the steps of: preparing a preliminary cathode active material precursor containing nickel and manganese; preparing a doping source containing cobalt; providing the preliminary precursor into the doping source, followed by refluxing reaction, thereby preparing a cathode active material precursor; and mixing the cathode active material precursor and a lithium precursor, followed by firing, thereby manufacturing the cathode active material.

METHOD FOR PRODUCING A PRISMATIC BATTERY CELL, PRISMATIC BATTERY CELL AND MOTOR VEHICLE

Publication No.:  US20260269434A1 10/09/2026
Applicant: 
POWERCO SE [DE]
PowerCo SE
US_20260269434_A1

Absstract of: US20260269434A1

A method for producing a prismatic battery cell includes providing an electrode stack with first and second electrodes stacked over one another. Arresters of the first electrodes protrude beyond an end face of the electrode stack in longitudinal direction. Arresters of the first electrodes are compacted and welded together, in particular by ultrasonic welding. The compacted arresters are disposed on a flat lateral surface of a contact element of a cell cover of a cell housing. The contact element forms a cell terminal. The compacted arresters are welded to the contact element, in particular by laser welding. The cell cover is disposed or pushed on the electrode stack such that the cell cover, or the lateral surface, is parallel to the end face. A prismatic battery cell and a motor vehicle including such a battery cell, are also provided.

COMPOSITE POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, POSITIVE ELECTRODE COMPRISING SAME, AND LITHIUM BATTERY

Nº publicación: US20260269224A1 10/09/2026

Applicant:

SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD [KR]
SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD.

US_20260269224_A1

Absstract of: US20260269224A1

Provided are a composite positive electrode active material, a positive electrode including the same, and a lithium battery. The composite positive electrode active material includes a first core including a first lithium transition metal oxide; a second core including a second lithium transition metal oxide; and a shell arranged over a surface of at least one of the first core and the second core. The shell includes at least one type of first metal oxide; and a first carbon-based material, wherein the at least one type of first metal oxide is arranged in a matrix of the first carbon-based material, the at least one type of first metal oxide is represented by a formula of MaOb (0

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