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Positive Electrode Active Material, Positive Electrode Slurry Including the Same, Positive Electrode, and Lithium Secondary Battery

NºPublicación:  US2025273669A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG Energy Solution, Ltd
CN_120283311_PA

Resumen de: US2025273669A1

A positive electrode active material includes a lithium nickel-based oxide which is a single particle composed of one single nodule, a quasi-single particle which is a composite of at most 30 nodules, or a combination thereof. The positive electrode active material has a D90 ranging from 8.0 μm to 11.5 μm, and a negative skewness factor (NSF) represented by Equation 1 below ranges from 0.20 to 0.35:NSF=(D5⁢0 - D1⁢0)/ImaxEquation⁢1D50 is a particle diameter at a cumulative volume of 50% in a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph of the positive electrode active material. D10 is a particle diameter at a cumulative volume of 10% in a volume cumulative particle size distribution graph of the positive electrode active material. Imax is a maximum volume fraction in the volume cumulative particle size distribution graph of the positive electrode active material.

POWER TOOL CONTROL BASED ON BATTERY PACK THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS

NºPublicación:  US2025274070A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
MILWAUKEE ELECTRIC TOOL CORP [US]
Milwaukee Electric Tool Corporation
CN_120545524_PA

Resumen de: US2025274070A1

A power tool system includes a power tool, a sensor, and an electronic controller of the power tool. The power tool includes a power tool housing, a motor housed within the power tool housing, and a pack interface coupled to the power tool housing. The pack interface receives a power tool battery pack having a corresponding tool interface. The sensor senses an electrical parameter corresponding to a power tool battery pack coupled to the pack interface. The electronic controller of the power tool controls the power tool battery pack to discharge current; receives an output of the sensor when the power tool battery pack is controlled to discharge current; generates a temperature estimate by processing the output of the sensor using a thermal model stored on the memory; and generates a temperature warning signal in response to the temperature estimate exceeding a temperature threshold.

BATTERY PACK STRUCTURE FOR A VEHICLE

NºPublicación:  US2025273795A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY [KR]
KIA CORP [KR]
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
HYUNDAI MOTOR COMPANY,
KIA CORPORATION,
LG Energy Solution, LTD

Resumen de: US2025273795A1

A vehicle battery pack structure includes: a lower case, a plurality of battery modules accommodated in the lower case, an upper case coupled to an upper portion of the lower case and configured to cover a space accommodating the battery modules, and a plurality of module fixing bolts configured to penetrate end plates of the battery modules and fixed to the lower case. The vehicle battery pack structure further includes: a connection support bar disposed on upper sides of the end plates so as to connect the end plates of the battery modules adjacent to each other, and a plurality of support bolts configured to respectively penetrate the upper case and the connection support bar and fixed to the end plates.

ADHESIVE FILM FOR METAL TERMINALS AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME, METAL TERMINAL PROVIDED WITH ADHESIVE FILM FOR METAL TERMINALS, OUTER PACKAGE MATERIAL FOR POWER STORAGE DEVICES, KIT COMPRISING OUTER PACKAGE MATERIAL FOR POWER STORAGE DEVICES AND ADHESIVE FILM FOR METAL TERMINALS, AND POWER STORAGE DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

NºPublicación:  US2025273783A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
DAI NIPPON PRINTING CO LTD [JP]
DAI NIPPON PRINTING CO., LTD
KR_20250004239_PA

Resumen de: US2025273783A1

An adhesive film for metal terminals, the adhesive film being interposed between a metal terminal that is electrically connected to an electrode of a power storage device element and an outer package material for power storage devices, the outer package material sealing the power storage device element. A resin layer that forms at least one surface of adhesive film for metal terminals contains acid-modified polyolefin; and the surface of the resin layer has a crystallinity of 3 to 18 as determined with use of an X-ray diffractometer under the following measurement conditions: the angle of X-ray irradiation is 0.09° with respect to the surface (0°) of the resin layer A; the measurement range is from the surface to the depth of 5 μm of the resin layer; the camera length of the X-ray detector is 500 mm; the X-ray wavelength is 0.92 Å; and the exposure time is 30 seconds.

ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS

NºPublicación:  US2025273799A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH HONG KONG LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY (HONG KONG) LIMITED
EP_4604293_PA

Resumen de: US2025273799A1

An energy storage apparatus, comprising an apparatus body and a support structure, which is arranged at the bottom of the apparatus body and used for supporting the apparatus body, wherein the support structure comprises a first support plate, which comprises a first mounting wall; an orthographic projection (Y) of the first mounting wall in a first plane (X) is located outside an orthographic projection (Z) of the apparatus body in the first plane; the first mounting wall is provided with a first assembly hole, through which the apparatus body is fixed to the ground; and the first plane is perpendicular to the direction of gravity (G) of the energy storage apparatus. By means of the present invention, the assembly efficiency of fixing the energy storage apparatus to the ground can be improved.

Lithium Ion Battery and Manufacturing Method therefor, and Electric Vehicle

NºPublicación:  US2025273730A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
BATTERO TECH CORPORATION LTD [CN]
BATTERO TECH CORPORATION LIMITED
WO_2021253797_A1

Resumen de: US2025273730A1

Provided are an electric vehicle, and a lithium ion battery and a manufacturing method therefor. The lithium ion battery includes a first metal plate, a second metal plate, a metal frame, a battery cell, poles, and an explosion-proof valve; the first metal plate, the metal frame, and the second metal plate are sequentially connected to form a mounting chamber; the battery cell is accommodated in the mounting chamber; the poles are provided on the metal frame in an insulating manner and are electrically connected to the battery cell; the explosion-proof valve is provided on the metal frame; and the metal frame is provided with a liquid injection hole.

Batteriesystem und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Batteriesystems

NºPublicación:  DE102024104967A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
PORSCHE AG [DE]
Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft

Resumen de: DE102024104967A1

Batteriesystem mit einer Batterie (20), welche ein Batteriegehäuse (22) mit einem Gehäuseinnenraum (24) und mehrere, in dem Gehäuseinnenraum (24) angeordnete Batteriezellen (261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269) aufweist, und einer Kühlvorrichtung (40) zur Direktkühlung der Batteriezellen (261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269), wobei die Kühlvorrichtung (40) mit einem an dem Batteriegehäuse (22) vorgesehenen Kühlflüssigkeiteinlass (221) und mit einem an dem Batteriegehäuse (22) vorgesehenen Kühlflüssigkeitauslass (222) fluidisch verbunden ist, derart, dass die Kühlflüssigkeit über den Kühlflüssigkeiteinlass (221) in den Gehäuseinnenraum (24) einströmt, die Batteriezellen (261, 262, 263, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269) direkt umströmt und über den Kühlflüssigkeitauslass (222) aus dem Gehäuseinnenraum (24) herausströmt, wobei in der Kühlflüssigkeit eine vom herrschenden Druck abhängige Gasmenge lösbar ist, wobei die Kühlflüssigkeit in einem Einfüllzustand in einem mit Gas untersättigten Zustand vorliegt.

Elektrischer Energiespeicher

NºPublicación:  DE102025126107A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
MERCEDES BENZ GROUP AG [DE]
Mercedes-Benz Group AG

Resumen de: DE102025126107A1

Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Energiespeicher (1) mit einer Temperiervorrichtung (2) zur Temperierung von in einem Gehäuse (3) angeordneten elektrochemischen Einzelzellen (4). Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass die Temperiervorrichtung (2) eine in dem Gehäuse (3) angeordnete und/oder durch das Gehäuse (3) gebildete thermisch leitfähige Isolationshülle (2.1) aufweist, die die Einzelzellen (4) zumindest abschnittsweise umgibt und mit einem Phasenwechselmaterial (PCM) befüllt ist, wobei das Phasenwechselmaterial (PCM) ausgebildet ist, zumindest eine Abwärme der Einzelzellen (4) zu speichern und diese bei Inbetriebnahme der Einzelzellen (4) bei Unterschreitung eines vorgegebenen Temperaturschwellwertes zur Temperierung der Einzelzellen (4) bedarfsgerecht automatisch freizusetzen.

Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Baugruppe mit einer Kanalstruktur und Werkzeugmaschine

NºPublicación:  DE102024105071A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
TRUMPF LASER UND SYSTEMTECHNIK SE [DE]
TRUMPF Laser- und Systemtechnik SE

Resumen de: DE102024105071A1

Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Baugruppe (66) mit einer Kanalstruktur (64). Die Kanalstruktur (64) ist mittels eines ersten Werkstücks (20) der Baugruppe und eines zweiten Werkstücks (62) der Baugruppe (66) gebildet. Das Verfahren weist die Schritte auf: Anordnen des ersten Werkstücks (20) an dem zweiten Werkstück (62) unter Bildung der Kanalstruktur (64); Pressen des ersten Werkstücks (20) und des zweiten Werkstücks (62) durch Beaufschlagen der Kanalstruktur (64) mit einem Unterdruck aneinander; Herstellen einer stoffschlüssigen Verbindung (76) zwischen dem ersten Werkstück (20) und dem zweiten Werkstück (62); und Detektieren einer Dichtigkeit der Kanalstruktur (64) oder einer Undichtigkeit der Kanalstruktur (64) durch Messen des Unterdrucks in der Kanalstruktur (64).

FESTKÖRPERBATTERIE MIT MEHRSCHICHT-FESTKÖRPERELEKTROLYT

NºPublicación:  DE102024125554A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC [US]
GM Global Technology Operations LLC

Resumen de: DE102024125554A1

Aspekte der Offenbarung umfassen eine Festkörperbatterie mit einem Mehrschicht-Festkörperelektrolyten. Ein beispielhaftes Fahrzeug umfasst einen Elektromotor und ein Batteriepack, das elektrisch mit dem Elektromotor gekoppelt ist. Das Batteriepack umfasst eine Batteriezelle, die einen Anodenstromabnehmer und eine Verbundwerkstoff-Anodenschicht umfasst, die ein aktives Anodenmaterial mit einem darin eingebetteten ersten Niederspannungs-Festkörperelektrolyten aufweist. Das Batteriepack umfasst einen Kathodenstromabnehmer und eine Verbundwerkstoff-Kathodenschicht, die ein aktives Kathodenmaterial mit einem darin eingebetteten ersten Hochspannungs-Festkörperelektrolyten aufweist. Ein Mehrschicht-Festkörperelektrolyt befindet sich zwischen der Verbundwerkstoff-Anodenschicht und der Verbundwerkstoff-Kathodenschicht. Der Mehrschicht-Festkörperelektrolyt umfasst einen zweiten Niederspannungs-Festkörperelektrolyten, einen zweiten Hochspannungs-Festkörperelektrolyten und einen Zwischenschicht-Festkörperelektrolyten direkt zwischen dem zweiten Niederspannungs-Festkörperelektrolyten und dem zweiten Hochspannungs-Festkörperelektrolyten.

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND POSITIVE ELECTRODE SHEET, BATTERY, AND ELECTRIC DEVICE

NºPublicación:  US2025273671A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH HONK KONG LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY (HONK KONG) LIMITED
CN_119522491_PA

Resumen de: US2025273671A1

Provided in the present application are a positive electrode active material and a preparation method therefor, and a positive electrode sheet, a battery and an electric device. The positive electrode active material of the present application comprises (1−a)LiNixM1yM2(1-x-y-z)NbzO2·aLi2MnO3, wherein M1 comprises one or two elements of Mn and Al; and M2 comprises one or more transition metal elements except Mn, Ni and Nb. The positive electrode active material of the present application can improve the cycling stability of a battery and the capacity of the battery after cycling.

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, AND SECONDARY BATTERY

NºPublicación:  US2025273668A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LABORATORY CO LTD [JP]
SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LABORATORY CO., LTD
JP_2025116053_PA

Resumen de: US2025273668A1

A positive electrode active material having high capacity and excellent cycle performance is provided. The positive electrode active material has a small difference in a crystal structure between the charged state and the discharged state. For example, the crystal structure and volume of the positive electrode active material, which has a layered rock-salt crystal structure in the discharged state and a pseudo-spinel crystal structure in the charged state at a high voltage of approximately 4.6 V, are less likely to be changed by charge and discharge as compared with those of a known positive electrode active material.

CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL PRECURSOR, CATHODE ACTIVE MATERIAL, LITHIUM SECONDARY BATTERY AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING THE SAME

NºPublicación:  US2025273670A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
SK ON CO LTD [KR]
SK ON CO., LTD
KR_20220022336_PA

Resumen de: US2025273670A1

A cathode active material precursor according to embodiments of the present invention includes a composite hydroxide particle in which primary precursor particles are aggregated. The primary precursor particles include a particle having a triangular shape in which a minimum interior angle is 30° or more and a ratio of a length of a short side relative to a length of a long side is 0.5 or more. A cathode active material and a lithium secondary having improved high temperature stability is provided using the cathode active material precursor.

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS, POSITIVE ELECTRODES, AND RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES

NºPublicación:  US2025273658A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD [KR]
SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD
CN_120545322_PA

Resumen de: US2025273658A1

A positive electrode active material, a positive electrode, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the positive electrode are disclosed. The positive electrode active material may include a first positive electrode active material including a core particle in a form of secondary particles including a layered lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide and provided by agglomerating a plurality of primary particles and a second positive electrode active material including a core particle including a layered lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide and in a form of single particles. The first positive electrode active material and the second positive electrode active material may each independently further include an aluminum coating layer on the surface of the core particle, and an average particle diameter (D50) of the second positive electrode active material may be smaller than that of the first positive electrode active material.

BATTERY PACK

NºPublicación:  US2025273787A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK [JP]
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Resumen de: US2025273787A1

The battery pack comprises a plurality of cell modules; and at least one battery-related device, wherein the plurality of cell modules are arranged side by side in a longitudinal direction thereof, with an intermediate space interposed therebetween, and the at least one battery-related device is disposed inside the intermediate space or above the intermediate space.

CELL TOP COVER REWELDING REFLOW SYSTEM, METHOD, AND BATTERY PRODUCTION LINE

NºPublicación:  US2025273781A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO., LIMITED
WO_2025156593_PA

Resumen de: US2025273781A1

A cell top cover rewelding reflow system includes a discharge conveyor line, a reflow conveyor line, and a sorting module. An input end of the discharge conveyor line is connected to welding equipment, and an output end extends toward a discharge position; the reflow conveyor line is disposed on one side of the discharge conveyor line, and an output end of the reflow conveyor line is connected to the welding equipment; a conveying direction of the discharge conveyor line is opposite to a conveying direction of the reflow conveyor line, and the discharge conveyor line and the reflow conveyor line are arranged side by side; the sorting module includes a first frame and a pickup member, where the first frame, the discharge conveyor line, and the reflow conveyor line are relatively fixed, and the pickup member is movably disposed on the first frame.

Secondary Battery And Method For Manufacturing The Same

NºPublicación:  US2025273726A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD [KR]
LG Energy Solution, Ltd
US_2024347755_PA

Resumen de: US2025273726A1

An electrode for a secondary battery may include an electrode collector, a coating portion having an active material coated on the electrode collector, a first non-coating portion on which the active material is not applied to the electrode collector, and a second non-coating portion on which the active material is not applied to the electrode collector. The first non-coating portion may be adjacent to the coating portion in a width direction perpendicular to a longitudinal direction of the electrode collector, the first non-coating portion having a longitudinal dimension extending along the longitudinal direction, the first non-coating portion configured to be bent and electrically coupled to a can member of the secondary battery. The second non-coating portion may be adjacent to the coating portion in the longitudinal direction. The electrode may be stacked into a stack with a separator and a second electrode of an opposite polarity than the electrode.

BATTERY CELL, BATTERY, AND ELECTRIC APPARATUS

NºPublicación:  US2025273775A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH HONK KONG LIMITED [CN]
CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY (HONK KONG) LIMITED
KR_20250088596_PA

Resumen de: US2025273775A1

Provided are a battery cell, a battery, and an electric apparatus. The battery cell includes: an electrode assembly; an electrolyte; and a housing, configured to accommodate the electrode assembly and the electrolyte. The battery cell satisfiesVCAP≥2⁢0⁢0(C0×ρ0),where V represents a remaining volume inside the housing of the battery cell in a fully discharged state, measured in mL; CAP represents a nominal capacity of the battery cell, measured in Ah; C0 represents a theoretical specific capacity of a corresponding alkali metal in the battery cell, measured in mAh/g; and ρ0 represents a theoretical density of the corresponding alkali metal in the battery cell, measured in g/cm3. The technical solution of this application prevents electrolyte leakage caused by the electrolyte being squeezed out due to excessive changes in the electrode assembly, thereby improving the safety performance of the battery.

SECONDARY BATTERY

NºPublicación:  US2025273778A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD [KR]
SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD
KR_20240040702_PA

Resumen de: US2025273778A1

A secondary battery includes: an electrode assembly including a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a separator; a case including a first side having an opening to accommodate the electrode assembly; a cap plate sealing the first side of the case; a first current collector plate arranged between the electrode assembly and the cap plate and electrically connecting the first electrode plate and the cap plate; a terminal arranged on a second side of the case; a second current collector plate electrically connecting the second electrode plate and the terminal; a first welding portion on an outer surface of the cap plate and welding the cap plate and the first current collector plate; and a second welding portion on the outer surface of the cap plate and welding the case and the cap plate.

FESTSTOFFBATTERIE UND VERFAHREN ZU IHRER HERSTELLUNG, SOWIE BATTERIEMODUL

NºPublicación:  DE102025107426A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD [JP]
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Resumen de: DE102025107426A1

Die vorliegende Offenbarung stellt eine Feststoffbatterie bereit, die die Wärme, die vom Elektrodenstapel erzeugt wird, effektiv abführen kann. Die Feststoffbatterie 10 der Offenbarung umfasst einen Elektrodenstapel 110. Der Elektrodenstapel 110 hat eine erste Stromkollektorschicht 111, eine erste Elektrodenaktivmaterialschicht 112, eine Festelektrolytschicht 113, eine zweite Elektrodenaktivmaterialschicht 114 und eine zweite Stromkollektorschicht 115 in dieser Reihenfolge. Auf zumindest einem Teil des Rands des Elektrodenstapels 110 ist ein Isolierelement 120 angeordnet. Die zweite Stromkollektorschicht 115 erstreckt sich über den Rand des Elektrodenstapels 110, auf dem das Isolierelement 120 angeordnet ist, und die zweite Stromkollektorschicht 115 ist mit dem Rand des Isolierelements 120 in Kontakt.

POSITIVE ELECTRODE ACTIVE MATERIALS, POSITIVE ELECTRODES AND RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM BATTERIES

NºPublicación:  US2025273659A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD [KR]
SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD

Resumen de: US2025273659A1

A positive electrode active material for rechargeable lithium batteries includes core particles including a layered lithium nickel-manganese-based composite oxide and being in a form of secondary particles, wherein the secondary particles are each an agglomeration of a plurality of primary particles; an aluminum coating layer on a surface of the core particles; and a grain boundary coating portion being located on the surface of the primary particles and including cobalt. The positive electrode active material may realize characteristics of high density, high capacity, and long cycle-life for the rechargeable lithium batteries including the positive electrode active material, and reduce an amount of high-temperature storage gas generated.

NEGATIVE ELECTRODE PLATE, BATTERY, AND ELECTRIC APPARATUS

NºPublicación:  US2025273664A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
NINGDE AMPEREX TECH LIMITED [CN]
Ningde Amperex Technology Limited
EP_4607605_A1

Resumen de: US2025273664A1

A negative electrode plate includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode active material layer disposed on at least one side surface of the negative electrode current collector, where the negative electrode active material layer includes a silicon-carbon composite material and a lanthanide compound.

BATTERY MODULE, BATTERY PACK

NºPublicación:  US2025273764A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KK [JP]
TOYOTA JIDOSHA KABUSHIKI KAISHA

Resumen de: US2025273764A1

Reduce thermal effects on adjacent battery cells. A first battery cell, a second battery cell adjacent to the first battery cell, and a heat pipe disposed between the first battery cell and the second battery cell and disposed in contact with at least the first battery cell, comprising.

ELECTROCHEMICAL DEVICE INCLUDING POROUS SEPARATOR

NºPublicación:  US2025273821A1 28/08/2025
Solicitante: 
SK INNOVATION CO LTD [KR]
SK IE TECH CO LTD [KR]
SK INNOVATION CO., LTD,
SK IE TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD

Resumen de: US2025273821A1

Electrochemical devices are disclosed for various applications such as secondary batteries. In an embodiment, an electrochemical device including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and an electrolyte. Specifically, the separator includes a porous polymer membrane including one or more of hydrophilic inorganic particles or a hydrophilic polymer that are blended in a porous substrate, and the electrolyte includes a nitrile-based compound. The electrochemical device exhibits high ionic conductivity by including the porous separator having wettability to the electrolyte.

THERMAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Nº publicación: US2025273766A1 28/08/2025

Solicitante:

SHELL USA INC [US]
SHELL USA, INC

JP_2025516863_PA

Resumen de: US2025273766A1

The present invention provides a thermal management system comprising: a housing having an interior space; at least one heat-generating component disposed within the interior space; and a working fluid disposed within the interior space such that at least part of the heat-generating component is in direct contact with the working fluid; wherein the working fluid comprises base fluid and at least one phase change material selected from micro-encapsulated phase change materials, nano-encapsulated phase change materials, and mixtures thereof. The present invention also provides a method of thermal management of a heat-generating component comprising the steps of directly contacting at least part of the heat-generating component with a working fluid; and transferring the heat away from the heat-generating component using the working fluid wherein the working fluid comprises base fluid and at least one encapsulated phase change material selected from micro-encapsulated phase change materials, nano-encapsulated phase change materials, and mixtures thereof.

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