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LastUpdate Última actualización 27/04/2026 [07:17:00]
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Solicitudes publicadas en los últimos 15 días / Applications published in the last 15 days
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PHOTOVOLTAIC ANTIGLARE PANEL ASSEMBLY, PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SUBGRADE SYSTEM

NºPublicación:  US20260114078A1 23/04/2026
Solicitante: 
NORTHWEST INST OF ECO ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES [CN]
US_20260114078_A1

Resumen de: US20260114078A1

0000 A photovoltaic antiglare panel assembly, a photovoltaic power generation system, and a photovoltaic subgrade system are provided. The photovoltaic antiglare panel assembly includes: a photovoltaic antiglare panel, the photovoltaic antiglare panel including double-layer tempered glass and a plurality of solar cells arranged between the double-layer tempered glass; a frame, the frame being sleeved on the periphery of the photovoltaic antiglare panel; a fixing unit, arranged at the bottom of the frame; and a power utilization unit, the power utilization unit being arranged in the fixing unit, and the power utilization unit being in electrical connection with the plurality of solar cells.

Series-Parallel Alterable Multiphase Solar Energy Power System

NºPublicación:  US20260114081A1 23/04/2026
Solicitante: 
AMPT LLC [US]
US_20260114081_A1

Resumen de: US20260114081A1

0000 A high efficiency solar power system combining photovoltaic sources of power (1) can be converted by a base phase DC-DC photovoltaic converter (6) and an altered phase DC-DC photovoltaic converter (8) that have outputs combined through low energy storage combiner circuitry (9). The converters can be synchronously controlled through a synchronous phase control (11) that synchronously operates switches to provide a conversion combined photovoltaic DC output (10). Converters can be provided for individual source conversion or phased operational modes, the latter presenting a combined low photovoltaic energy storage DC-DC photovoltaic converter (15) at string or individual panel levels.

DEVICE AND PILE DRIVING CONTROL SYSTEM FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC PLANTS

NºPublicación:  EP4730645A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
AMELIA LAB S L [ES]
EP_4730645_PA

Resumen de: EP4730645A1

0001 Device and system for controlling pile driving in photovoltaic plants. The pile driving control device (3) comprises: a fastening system for to a pile (1) of a photovoltaic plant (2); a geolocation system (6) configured to measure the position (P) of the pile (1); a distance sensor (7) configured to measure the height (h) of the pile (1) relative to the ground (14); a tilt sensor (8) configured to measure the vertical inclination of the pile (1); an orientation measuring unit (9) configured to measure the orientation (Ψ) of the pile (1); a wireless communications module (10); a battery (11); and a control unit (12) configured for wireless reception and transmission of the measurements (15) from the sensors to a remote server (21). 0002 The pile driving control system (20) incorporates a remote server (21) that receives the measurements and verifies the proper installation of the piles (1).

SOLAR CELL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

NºPublicación:  EP4730963A2 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
ZHEJIANG JINKO SOLAR CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730963_PA

Resumen de: EP4730963A2

The disclosure relates to the photovoltaic field, and more specifically to a solar cell and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a cell base and a plurality of main electrodes disposed on the cell base. The cell base has first edges and second edges, where the first edges include two opposite edges of the cell base along a second direction and the second edges include two opposite edges of the cell base along a first direction. The plurality of main electrodes extend in the second direction and are arranged at intervals in the first direction. The plurality of main electrodes include two first main electrodes, a respective first main electrode of the two first main electrodes is close to a corresponding first edge and includes two first connection pads respectively close to the second edges and a first connection wire electrically connected to the two first connection pads. The first connection wire has a first part between a respective first connection pad and a second edge adjacent to the respective first connection pad, and a second part between the two first connection pads. The first part has a first width, the second part has a second width, and the first width is greater than the second width. According to the solar cell, it is possible to at least improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell

TITANIUM DIOXIDE-CONTAINING POLYPROPYLENE COMPOSITIONS FOR EXTERNAL ELEMENTS OF BIFACIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES

NºPublicación:  EP4728569A2 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
BOREALIS GMBH [AT]
WO_2024256444_A2

Resumen de: WO2024256444A2

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module having a protective back layer element that comprises a polypropylene composition comprising low levels of one or more white pigments, as well as to the use of titanium dioxide for maintaining elongation at break after UV treatment.

SUBMERSIBLE SOLAR INSTALLATION

NºPublicación:  EP4728636A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
SCHUWERK KLAUS [DE]
WO_2024256529_PA

Resumen de: WO2024256529A1

The invention relates to a submersible solar installation comprising: a solar panel; at least one buoyancy element connected to the solar panel; wherein the solar panel and the at least one buoyancy element have a positive buoyancy at a water surface of a body of water; and a submersion means, which is adapted to apply a negative buoyancy force to the submersible solar installation; wherein the at least one buoyancy element has a reversibly compressible first buoyancy element. The invention also relates to a use of the submersible solar installation for generating electrical energy, to a transport system for a submersible solar installation, and to a use of the transport system.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL FOLDABLE PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

NºPublicación:  EP4730644A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
SOFTPV INC [KR]
EP_4730644_PA

Resumen de: EP4730644A1

A three-dimensional foldable photovoltaic module is disclosed. The three-dimensional foldable photovoltaic module of the present disclosure can be installed at a desired location without a spatial restriction to generate energy using sunlight. Therefore, the present disclosure can enable efficient photovoltaic power generation without being limited by space.

BLEND OF UV STABILIZERS AND HINDERED AMINE LIGHT STABILIZERS FOR ACHIEVING EXCELLENT LONG TERM UV AND THERMAL STABILITY

NºPublicación:  EP4728005A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
BOREALIS GMBH [AT]
WO_2024256443_A1

Resumen de: WO2024256443A1

The present invention relates to a photovoltaic module having a protective back layer element that comprises a polypropylene composition comprising a certain combination of hindered amine light stabilizers and UV stabilizers, as well as to the use of the certain blend of hindered amine light stabilizers and UV stabilizers for maintaining elongation at break after UV or oven treatment.

DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DETECTING AN ARC IN A DIRECT CURRENT SYSTEM

NºPublicación:  EP4728637A2 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
FRONIUS INT GMBH [AT]
EP_4478606_PA

Resumen de: WO2024256495A2

The invention relates to a method and a device for detecting an arc in a photovoltaic system (200). The method has the steps of: detecting (S100) the time curve of amplitude values of an electric variable of an electric current from the photovoltaic system, PV system (200); determining (S300) at least one value of a permutation entropy, PE, on the basis of the time curve of the amplitude values; determining (S400) at least one value of a Jensen-Shannon complexity, JSK, on the basis of the time curve of the amplitude values; and detecting (S500) whether an arc has actually occurred in the PV system (200) on the basis of the at least one determined value of the permutation entropy, PE, and on the basis of the at least one determined value of the Jensen-Shannon complexity, JSK.

SOLAR PANEL SUPPORT ARRANGEMENTS

NºPublicación:  EP4728224A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
S2H2 BM CONCEPT AB [SE]
WO_2024256387_PA

Resumen de: WO2024256387A1

A modular solar panel support system (10) comprising: at least two base members (110) arranged to be supported by a ground surface, wherein each base member (110) comprises a base plate (112) and a base post (114) extending in an orthogonal direction relative to the surface of the base plate (112), each base post (114) having a first outer circumference (116); at least two elongate uprights (120), each upright (120) comprising a first tubular end portion (122) having a first inner circumference (126) and a second end portion (124) having a second outer circumference (128), wherein the first inner circumference (126) is larger than the first outer circumference (116); at least two tubular top members (130), each top member (130) having a second inner circumference (138) larger than the second outer circumference (128), and wherein an outer surface of each top member (130) comprises a fastening arrangement (132); and at least one truss beam (140) having two end portions, each end portion comprising a connecting arrangement (142) for securing the respective end portion of the truss beam (140) to the fastening arrangement (132) of a respective top member (130). Each base post (114) is arranged to be inserted into the first tubular end portion (122) of a respective upright (120), and wherein the second end portion (124) of each upright (120) is arranged to be inserted into a respective top member (130).

TOPCON SOLAR CELL, BATTERY ASSEMBLY AND PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

NºPublicación:  EP4730962A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
ZHEJIANG AIKO SOLAR ENERGY TECH CO LTD [CN]
TIANJIN AIKO SOLAR ENERGY TECH CO LTD [CN]
ZHUHAI FUSHAN AIKO SOLAR ENERGY TECH CO LTD [CN]
GUANGDONG AIKO SOLAR ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD [CN]
SHENZHEN AIKO DIGITAL ENERGY TECH CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730962_A1

Resumen de: EP4730962A1

0001 The present disclosure is applicable to the technical field of solar cells, and provides a Topcon solar cell (100), a cell assembly (200), and a photovoltaic system (1000). A silicon substrate (10) of the Topcon solar cell (100) has a first surface (11) and a second surface (12) opposite to each other. A first tunneling oxide layer (20), a first polarity doped layer (30), and a first passivation layer (40) are sequentially stacked on the first surface (11), and a second polarity doped layer (50) and a second passivation layer (60) are sequentially stacked on the second surface 12. A first metal electrode (70) is arranged on the first passivation layer (40), and a second metal electrode (80) is arranged on the second passivation layer (60). In an extension direction of the first metal electrode (70), a plurality of first barrier isolation layers (90) arranged at intervals are located below the first metal electrode (70), and the first metal electrode (70) is made of a burn-through paste. At a position corresponding to the first barrier isolation layer (90), the first metal electrode (70) burns through the first passivation layer (40) to be in contact with the first barrier isolation layer (90), and between two adjacent first barrier isolation layers (90), the first metal electrode (70) burns through the first passivation layer (40) to be in contact with the first polarity doped layer (30), wherein the first barrier isolation layer (90) is obtained by partially removing

SOLAR CELL, PREPARATION METHOD THEREOF, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

NºPublicación:  EP4730959A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
TRINA SOLAR CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730959_A1

Resumen de: EP4730959A1

0001 The present disclosure relates to a solar cell, a preparation method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes a substrate including a first surface, a passivating contact structure disposed on a part of the first surface, and a first electrode disposed on a side of the passivating contact structure away from the substrate and electrically connected to the passivating contact structure. A marking portion is disposed on a part of the passivating contact structure.

SOLAR CELL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

NºPublicación:  EP4730964A2 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
LONGI GREEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730964_PA

Resumen de: EP4730964A2

0001 The present application discloses a solar cell and a photovoltaic module, and belongs to the field of photovoltaic technologies. The solar cell includes a first pattern region, the first pattern region includes a plurality of first fingers extending along a first direction and arranged at intervals along a second direction, each of the first fingers includes a plurality of first connection segments disposed at intervals along the first direction and second connection segments connected between two adjacent first connection segments, and the second direction intersects with the first direction. A plurality of second connection segments are arranged at intervals along the second direction, and at least one of the first connection segments is disposed between two adjacent second connection segments. The first connection segments burn through the passivation layer and are electrically connected to the doped region, and the second connection segments do not burn through the passivation layer.

SUPPORT BLOCK OF A SUBSTRUCTURE FOR A SOLAR MODULE

NºPublicación:  EP4730643A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
KIRCHDORFER FERTIGTEILHOLDING GMBH [AT]
EP_4730643_PA

Resumen de: EP4730643A1

0001 Es wird ein Tragblock (1) einer Unterkonstruktion für ein Solarmodul (2), umfassend - eine erste im Wesentlichen ebene Aufstandsfläche (3) an einer Unterseite (4), - eine erste im Wesentlichen ebene Abstützfläche (7) und eine zweite im Wesentlichen ebene Abstützfläche (8) an einer Oberseite (9), wobei die zweite Abstützfläche (8) parallel zu der ersten Aufstandsfläche (3) ist, wobei die erste Abstützfläche (7) um einen ersten Winkel (α) gegenüber der ersten Aufstandsfläche (3) abgewinkelt ist, - eine zweite im Wesentlichen ebene Aufstandsfläche (10) an einer ersten Querseite (11) des Tragblocks (1), - eine dritte im Wesentlichen ebene Abstützfläche (13) an einer zweiten Querseite (14), wobei die dritte Abstützfläche (13) um einen zweiten Winkel (β) gegenüber der zweiten Aufstandsfläche (10) abgewinkelt ist, wobei der erste Winkel (α) im Wesentlichen gleich groß wie der zweite Winkel (β) ist, vorgeschlagen.

P-TYPE TBC SOLAR CELL AND MANUFACTURING METHOD THEREFOR

NºPublicación:  EP4730369A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
CHINT NEW ENERGY TECH CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730369_PA

Resumen de: EP4730369A1

A P-type TBC solar cell and a manufacturing method therefor. The P-type TBC solar cell comprises P-type substrate silicon, wherein the backside of the P-type substrate silicon comprises a patterned N-type region; in the N-type region, a first tunneling layer, an N-type polysilicon layer, a first conductive shielding layer, a first passivation anti-reflection layer and a non-silver N fine finger are sequentially disposed outwards from the backside of the P-type substrate silicon; and the non-silver N fine finger penetrates the first passivation anti-reflection layer to come into contact with the first conductive shielding layer. In the present invention, a non-silver N fine finger is used as a metal electrode in an N-type region of the back face of a cell, such that the production costs of a P-type TBC solar cell can be greatly reduced; moreover, by means of providing a conductive shielding layer between the non-silver N fine finger and a corresponding polysilicon, metal slurry is prevented from coming into direct contact with the polysilicon during sintering of the non-silver N fine finger, such that the contact resistance is greatly reduced, fill factors of the cell are increased, an open-circuit voltage of the cell is increased and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the cell is improved.

PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL STRING, PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL PANEL AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL MODULE

NºPublicación:  EP4730960A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
CHINT NEW ENERGY TECH CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730960_PA

Resumen de: EP4730960A1

0001 A photovoltaic cell string, a photovoltaic cell panel and a photovoltaic cell module, which are applied to the field of photovoltaic cell preparation. The cell string comprises: a plurality of cells, welding strips, which are arranged on first surfaces and second surfaces of the cells, and protective films, which are arranged on outer sides of the welding strips, wherein there is an overlapping region between adjacent cells among the plurality of cells; and the protective films located on preset cell surfaces of the adjacent cells extend to the overlapping region, such that by using the protective films, the stress generated between the cells and the welding strips in the overlapping region is reduced; the preset cell surfaces are the surfaces of the sides of the adjacent cells where the cells are stacked on each other; and the adjacent cells form an electrical connection by means of the welding strips located on the preset cell surfaces. In the present application, the protective films located on the preset surfaces of the cells in the adjacent cells extend to the overlapping region, such that the stress generated between the cells and the welding strip can be reduced.

ENERGY STORAGE APPARATUS, AND PHOTOVOLTAIC POWER CONVERSION SYSTEM

NºPublicación:  EP4730600A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
ANKER INNOVATIONS TECH CO LTD [CN]
EP_4730600_PA

Resumen de: EP4730600A1

0001 Disclosed are an energy storage device and a photovoltaic energy storage inverter system. The energy storage device is used in the photovoltaic energy storage inverter system which further includes a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic inverter. The energy storage device includes a control module, a bidirectional buck-boost module, and an energy storage module. The bidirectional buck-boost module is connected to the control module and configured to be connected to an output end of the photovoltaic component and an input end of the photovoltaic inverter. The energy storage module is connected to the bidirectional buck-boost module. Under the control of the control module, the bidirectional buck-boost module is configured to boost or buck an output voltage of the photovoltaic component and then charge the energy storage module, or configured to boost or buck a discharge voltage of the energy storage module and then transmit the boosted or bucked discharge voltage to the photovoltaic inverter during discharge of the energy storage module. The circuit and system of the energy storage device can store excess energy of the photovoltaic component to effectively avoid energy waste of the photovoltaic component, and the energy storage device continues to supply power to a load when power generation of the photovoltaic component is insufficient. (Fig. 1)

PHOTOVOLTAIC SAIL

NºPublicación:  EP4730642A1 22/04/2026
Solicitante: 
ROPROD GMBH [CH]
EP_4730642_PA

Resumen de: EP4730642A1

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Photovoltaik(PV)-Segel (11) umfassend eine Mehrzahl von PV-Modulen (13), bevorzugt vom bifazialen PV-Modulen (13), welche einen handelsüblichen Schichtaufbau mit Solarzellen eingebettet in eine Glasscheibe und Kunststoffschichten und einen Versteifungsrahmen an den Rändern der Rückseite des PV-Moduls (13) aufweisen und Haltelemente (17) zur Befestigung des PV-Segels (11) an einer Haltekonstruktion (43), welche Haltelemente (17) die Mehrzahl von nebeneinander angeordneten PV-Modulen (13) aneinanderhalten. Die Halteelemente sind durch einen mehrteiligen Profilrahmen (17) realisiert, wobei jedes PV-Modul (13) von dem Profilrahmen (17) umlaufend eingefasst ist und jedes PV-Modul (13) beweglich in dem Profilrahmen (17) gehalten ist.

CLAMP FOR FIXING A PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE FRAME

NºPublicación:  AU2024336355A1 16/04/2026
Solicitante: 
HANWHA Q CELLS GMBH
AU_2024336355_PA

Resumen de: AU2024336355A1

The invention relates to a clamp (100) for fixing a photovoltaic module frame (20), PV module frame, to a substructure (30). The PV module frame (20) comprises a portion (25) that extends parallel to a light incident surface of an installed photovoltaic module, PV. A projection (27) extends within the portion (25). The clamp (100) comprises: a clamping element (110) having at least one notch (111, 112) for receiving the projection (27); and a clamping device (120) designed to exert a clamping force (F) on the frame (20) via the clamping element (110) when said frame is fixed to the substructure (30). The at least one notch (111, 112) is designed such that, when the PV module frame (20) is fixed between the clamping element (110) and the substructure (30), the clamping force (F) is exerted on the protruding portion (25) at at least two pressure points (P1, P2) that are situated on opposite sides of the projection (27).

FRAME FOR A PHOTOVOLTAIC LAMINATE

NºPublicación:  AU2024336951A1 16/04/2026
Solicitante: 
HANWHA Q CELLS GMBH
AU_2024336951_PA

Resumen de: AU2024336951A1

The invention relates to a frame (100) for a photovoltaic laminate, comprising: a holding section (110), a securing section (120), and an intermediate section (130). The holding section (110) is designed to hold the photovoltaic laminate in a first direction (R1), and the securing section (120) is designed to secure the frame (100) on a substructure (30), wherein the securing section (120) extends in a second direction (R2) up to the securing section edge (122), the first direction (R1) and the second direction (R2) being opposite to each other. The intermediate section (130) connects a holding section (110) to the securing section (120), an the securing section (120) comprises at least one edge cut-out (125) which constitutes an opening of the edge (122) in order to receive a protrusion (35) in the substructure (30) and thus prevent the frame (100) from sliding on the substructure (30).

INSTALLATION METHOD FOR SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM AND SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM

NºPublicación:  WO2026079202A1 16/04/2026
Solicitante: 
MIRAIT ONE CORP [JP]
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WO_2026079202_A1

Resumen de: WO2026079202A1

The present invention pertains to a solar power generation system (1) and a solar power generation system installation method characterized in that the solar power generation system (1) comprises: a first solar power generation system (10) that includes a first power conversion device (13) and a first solar cell string (12) provided with a plurality of first solar cell modules (11); and a second solar power generation system (20) that includes a second power conversion device (23) and a second solar cell string (22) provided with a plurality of second solar cell modules (21), wherein each of the second solar cell modules (21) is installed so as to generate power by only indirect light from sunlight.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PROTECTIVE SHADING STRUCTURES

NºPublicación:  AU2024333581A1 16/04/2026
Solicitante: 
COPLON DANIEL
THERMOSHADE SOLUTIONS INC
AU_2024333581_PA

Resumen de: AU2024333581A1

Thermal energy management and cooling systems are provided. In various embodiments, passive systems are provided that do not require a flow of liquid or the provision of electrical energy to deliver the cooling effect. Panels and shade structures are disclosed that comprise various features including, for example, phase change materials that are operable to cool an area or volume beneath or proximal to the panel.

SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR AN ENHANCED WATCHDOG IN SOLAR MODULE INSTALLATIONS

NºPublicación:  US20260106572A1 16/04/2026
Solicitante: 
TIGO ENERGY INC [US]
US_20260106572_A1

Resumen de: US20260106572A1

Systems and methods for automatically or remotely rendering a solar array safe during an emergency or maintenance. A watchdog unit is disclosed for monitoring a signal from a central controller. If the signal is lost, interrupted, or becomes irregular, or if a shutdown signal is received, then the watchdog unit can shut down one or more solar modules. Shutting down a solar module can mean disconnecting it from a power bus of the solar array or lowering the solar module voltage to a safe level.

ENHANCED FLEXIBLE PHOTOVOLTAIC PANEL AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR, AND FLEXIBLE LIGHTWEIGHT PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULE

NºPublicación:  WO2026077051A1 16/04/2026
Solicitante: 
JOLYWOOD SUZHOU SUNWATT CO LTD [CN]
\u82CF\u5DDE\u4E2D\u6765\u5149\u4F0F\u65B0\u6750\u80A1\u4EFD\u6709\u9650\u516C\u53F8
WO_2026077051_A1

Resumen de: WO2026077051A1

The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic panels. Disclosed are an enhanced flexible photovoltaic panel and a preparation method therefor, and a flexible lightweight photovoltaic module. The enhanced flexible photovoltaic panel comprises a moisture-proof protective layer, a composite fiber reinforced plate and an inner bonding material layer which are sequentially stacked and compounded from outside to inside. A moisture-proof protective coating comprises a silicone resin, an acrylic resin, a silicone-based water repellent, a filler, an antioxidant, a defoaming agent, a levelling agent, a curing agent and a catalyst which are mixed at a mass ratio of 40-75:30:4:8:0.5:0.3:0.3:10:0.5, wherein the molecular weight of the silicone resin is 1000-4000. By means of the optimization of the moisture-proof protective coating and the cooperation of all the layers, the enhanced flexible photovoltaic panel can effectively improve the comprehensive performance, reliability and stability of the flexible lightweight photovoltaic module, overcomes the defects of a traditional flexible module in the aspects of bending strength, hardness, high-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, etc., and prolongs the service life of the flexible lightweight photovoltaic module.

IMPROVED PHOTOVOLTAIC UNIT COMPRISING N-INTEGRATED PHOTOVOLAIC CELLS IN SERIES

Nº publicación: WO2026077538A1 16/04/2026

Solicitante:

SYNERGIA MEDICAL [BE]

WO_2026077538_A1

Resumen de: WO2026077538A1

A photovoltaic power converter (1N) suitable for use in implanted AIMD's is provided which comprises an insulating substrate (5s) supporting N photovoltaic cells (= PV-cell) (1.1-1.N) physically separated from one another by gaps and conductively coupled in series to one another, wherein N ≥ 2. A blocking layer (4b) is interposed between each of the N PV-cells and the insulating substrate (5s) to reduce photo-leakage caused by photoconductivity of the insulating substrate (5s). Each blocking layer (4b) is formed by M blocking PN-junctions, wherein M ≥ N + 1, each formed between a pair of first and second type p and type n semiconductors (4pi, 4ni, with i = 1 to M), wherein the first blocking PN-junction located closest to the photovoltaic PN-junction has a second polarity of opposite sign from the polarity of the PN junction of the PV cell.

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